Grammar › Starka verb: Swedish strong verbs by vowel pattern
Starka verb: Swedish strong verbs by vowel pattern
Starka verb (strong verbs) change their vowel instead of adding -ade or -de. The easiest way to learn them is in groups with the same vowel pattern: verbs in one group are conjugated alike. Below are two groups as a sample.
Mönster i – e – i (pattern i – e – i)
| Infinitiv | Presens | Preteritum | Supinum | Perfekt particip | Meaning (English) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| skriva | skriver | skrev | skrivit | skriven | write |
| bita | biter | bet | bitit | biten | bite |
| bli | blir | blev | blivit | – | become |
| gripa | griper | grep | gripit | gripen | seize, arrest |
| kliva | kliver | klev | klivit | – | step, climb |
| lida | lider | led | lidit | – | suffer |
| rida | rider | red | ridit | – | ride (horse) |
| riva | river | rev | rivit | riven | tear, demolish |
| skina | skiner | sken | skinit | – | shine |
| skrika | skriker | skrek | skrikit | – | scream, shout |
| stiga | stiger | steg | stigit | – | rise, step |
| svika | sviker | svek | svikit | sviken | betray, let down |
| vrida | vrider | vred | vridit | vriden | twist, turn |
Mönster y/ju – ö – u (pattern y/ju – ö – u)
| Infinitiv | Presens | Preteritum | Supinum | Perfekt particip | Meaning (English) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| flyga | flyger | flög | flugit | – | fly |
| bryta | bryter | bröt | brutit | bruten | break |
| frysa | fryser | frös | frusit | frusen | freeze, be cold |
| bjuda | bjuder | bjöd | bjudit | bjuden | invite, offer |
| ljuga | ljuger | ljög | ljugit | – | lie (tell lies) |
| njuta | njuter | njöt | njutit | – | enjoy |
| skjuta | skjuter | sköt | skjutit | skjuten | shoot; push; postpone |
A dash (–) means the participle is rare or not used. The complete edition lists all strong and irregular verbs, grouped by vowel pattern. Meanings are given in English.